Argues that xenophobia is a political discourse and, as such, its historical development as well as the conditions of its existence must be elucidated in terms of the practices and prescriptions that structure the field of politics. In South Africa, its history is connected to the manner citizenship has been conceived and fought over during the past fifty years at least. Migrant labour was de-nationalised by the apartheid state, while African nationalism saw it as the very foundation of that oppressive system. However, only those who could show a family connection with the colonial/apartheid formation of South Africa could claim citizenship at liberation. Others were excluded and seen as unjustified claimants to national resources. Xenophobia's current conditions of existence are to be found in the politics of a post-apartheid nationalism were state prescriptions founded on indigeneity have been allowed to dominate uncontested in condition of passive citizenship. The de-politicisation of a population, which had been able to assert its agency during the 1980s, through a discourse of human rights in particular, has contributed to this passivity. State liberal politics have remained largely unchallenged. As in other cases of post-colonial transition in Africa, the hegemony of xenophobic discourse, the book shows, is to be sought in the character of the state consensus. Only a rethinking of citizenship as an active political identity can re-institute political agency and hence begin to provide alternative prescrip-tions to the political consensus of state-induced exclusion. 160pp, SENEGAL. CODESRIA.

The xenophobic attacks that started in Alexandra, Johannesburg in May 2008 before quickly spreading around the country caused an outcry across the world and raised many fundamental questions: Of what profound social malaise is xenophobia - and the violence that it inspires - a symptom? Nearly 20 individuals - mostly Wits academics from a variety of disciplines, but also two student leaders, a journalist and a bishop - addressed the unfolding violence in ways that were conversant with the moment, yet rooted in scholarship and ongoing research. With numerous photographs by award-winning photographer Alon Skuy. Notes, 256pp, SOUTH AFRICA. WITWATERSRAND UNIVERSITY PRESS.

One largely unremarked feature of the changes in South Africa has been the arrival, mainly in Johannesburg, of large numbers of French-speaking migrants, who view it as an easier and more viable alternative than trying to get to Europe. This study examines their role in providing a cultural link with the rest of the continent and the issues they face in dealing with local hostility and police harassment. In French, 238pp, FRANCE. KARTHALA.

ISS Monograph number 117. Focuses on the different experiences of two categories of migrants (poor Mozambican peasants arriving during the apartheid years and middle class, urban Congolese arriving in the present democracy), whose experience at the hands of the responsible South African state institutions has shown a disturbing continuity. Notes, 45pp, SOUTH AFRICA. INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES.

An exploration of the modern phenomenon of migration and displacement. Globally, over 120 million people are said to be displaced, with 3 to 8 million estimated to be in South Africa. Looking at the economic and political factors involved, the author discusses the causes and effects of clandestine population movements in South Africa and as a worldwide crisis. Bib, notes, tables, 175pp, SOUTH AFRICA. UNISA PRESS, 1868882063

In late 2006 SAMP undertook a national survey of the attitudes of the South African population towards foreign nationals in the country. The data from this survey allowed the authors of this research paper to compare the state of the nation's mind on immigration in the period immediately prior to the recent upsurge of xenophobic violence, with those of previous surveys conducted by SAMP in the 1990s. Poses key questions: have attitudes changed since the South African Human Rights Commission to set up its Roll Back Xenophobia Campaign in 2006? Has xenophobia softened or hardened in the intervening years? Are xenophobic attitudes as widespread and vitriolic as they were then? How many South Africans were poised, in 2006, to turn their negative thoughts about foreign nationals into actions to cleanse their neighbourhoods and streets of fellow Africans? 68pp, SOUTH AFRICA. IDASA.

Using census and other secondary data, this study is a comprehensive, data based analysis of migration patterns inside South Africa focusing on all the main components of internal migration since 1994. Refs, index, tables, maps, xviii, 116pp, SOUTH AFRICA. HUMAN SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL, 0796920044

At time when (im)migration is at the forefront of international and South African debates, this title critically examines the relationship between changes in South Africa's immigration policies, and shifts in the construction of national identity by the South African state. Relating the history of the immigration policies of the South African State between 1910 and 2005, it explores the synergy between periods of significant change in state discourses and policies of migration, and those historical moments when South Africa was reinvented politically or in the process of active nation building. It is in these periods that the relationships between immigration, nationalism and national identity is most starkly revealed. SOUTH AFRICA. WITWATERSRAND UNIVERSITY PRESS.

The brain drain is a major policy and research issues at national, regional and continental levels in Africa, trends having intensified in the 1980s and 1990s. The report presents the results of a baseline study of potential skills in six SADC countries: Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. It illustrates how the poorest countries (Zimbabwe, Lesotho and Swaziland) are the likely losers. South Africa gains regionally, but is losing skilled citizens to the North. The study highlights the contradiction between tight national immigration policies and the wider political pressures for stronger regional integration, arguing this may yet present the most promising contingency. 66pp, SOUTH AFRICA. IDASA.

Multi-lensed view of refugees in South Africa presented in an accessible format. The first book of its kind in Africa, providing a forum for the refugees to speak for themselves, it documents the cultural existence of African refugees from war-torn countries in Africa. We Came for Mandela contains stunning photographs, artwork, essays, stories, testimonies, poems, food recipes. It is told completely from the perspective of the refugee community in South Africa and is used as a tool against xenophobia. 'It is a beautifully illustrated portrayal of the triumphs and tragedies of the refugees in Africa' - Professor Kader Asmal, National Minister of Education in South Africa. 'In essence, [it is] illustrated with truly awesome photography and is an examination of the life of refugees in South Africa' - Cape Times. It is passion-ate and authentic and will remove the veil of mystery and ignorance through which South Africans tend to see refugees, The Argus. Many b/w ill, 98pp, SOUTH AFRICA. FOOTPRINTS .