Now in paperback. A survey of the development of the Eritrean independence movement from the 1970s when victories were won against the backing of the USA to the 1980s and 90s when the Soviet backed Dergue was finally routed. Includes a new afterword on post-war transition. Index, notes, maps, refs, 340pp, USA. RED SEA PRESS, 1569020469

Unlocks the ancient mysteries of the northern Horn long obscured by a dominant focus on other regions and a long liberation struggle that prevented archaeological inquiry for nearly four decades. Examines for the first time the early history of Eritrea from approximately 100,000 years ago up to 400 years before colonialism. A sweeping treatment of some of the most important archaeological remains in the ancient African world, this volume draws on ground-breaking research by young Eritrean scholars as well as American, British, and German researchers. Classical era sites such as Qohaito, Matara, Keskese, and Adulis are discussed within the broader setting of other ancient places in Eritrea and the Horn, with the conclusion that local developments far outweighed foreign influences from places such as the kingdom of Saba in today's Yemen. Index, apps, bib, maps, b/w illus, col photos, 464pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS.

Using the issues of blood feuds, land tenure, gender relations and female genital mutilation, the authors look at the Eritrean legal system, and how it is ill-equipped to deal with these disputes in a modern context when both state, traditional and religious laws are equally prevalent. Index, bib, notes, gloss, xvi, 353pp, USA. INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS, 0253215773

Companion volume to Taking on the Superpowers, which covered the 1976-1982 period in Eritrea. This volume collects Connell's writing in the subsequent period, each section with a contextualizing prologue. Articles divided into Famine (1983-1987), Final Victory (1988-1991), Building the Nation (1991-1998) and Renewed War (1998-2002). Apps, map, li, 970pp, USA. RED SEA PRESS.

Traces the history of the Eritrean legal culture through successive political transitions, starting with the customary laws of the peoples living in the region that became Eritrea, through the periods of Italian and British colonization and then the absorption into Ethiopia, before a final section on the post 1991 period. Index, bib, 256pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS.

In 2001, after a devastating war with Ethiopia, a huge debate erupted within Eritrea on government policy. This book revisits that debate through interviews with five critics top government officials and former liberation movement leaders shortly before they disappeared into the Eritrean gulag. As these conversations reveal, the speakers knew that they faced arrest and indefinite detention. This book not only opens a critical window onto that seminal moment, it also signals the persistent dream of an elusive democratic future. Apps, 212pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS.

Argues that Eritrea, as the home of nine ethno-linguistic and multi-faith groups, has the potential ingredients of lethal identity-based conflicts. However, in spite of its potentially conflict-prone social structure, there have never been in the country's history generalized ethnic or faith-based violent conflicts; save the limited skirmishes that took place in Asmara in February 1950 between the Youth of the Muslim League and the youth of the Unionist Party. The civil wars between the ELF and EPLF during the first half and late 1970s and early 1980s had nothing or little to do with ethnicity or religion. In spite of their appearances, not only were these aberra-tional events limited to diehard partisan elements, but also both events were rejected and condemned by the civilian population. The reason why the civilian populations are never drawn into sectarian conflicts is because they are endowed with rich stock of social capital. This promotes social trust, norms of reciprocity and cooperation, mutual respect, tolerance and empathy across the social cleavages of faith and ethnicity. These social resources underpin the livelihood systems of the communities that inhabit the different ecological zones. Without such resources, the war of independence against sub-Saharan Africa's second largest army would have most probably failed. Index, bib, notes, 450pp, USA. RED SEA PRESS.

A study of the development and success of Eritrean nationalist movements from 1941-1993: the context in which they won independence, and their new state. Index, notes, bib, maps, xvi, 198pp, UK. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

Essays in volume 3, number 10 include Housing Finance in Eritrea; Reintegrating Ex fighters in Post Conflict Eritrea and The Eritrean Constitutional Process. 196pp, USA. RED SEA PRESS,

Volume 3, Number 2: Special Issue Eritrea & Ethiopia, From Conflict to Cooperation to Conflict. Essays include Eritrea and Yohannes IV of Abyssinia; A Study of the Evolution of the Eritrean Ethiopian Border Through Treaties and Official Maps; Some Latent Factors in the Ethio Eritrean Conflict; Mass Expulsion of Eritreans and Ethiopians of Eritrean Origin from Ethiopia and Human Rights Violations; Approaches to Resolve the Conflict Between Eritrea and Ethiopia. 241pp, USA. RED SEA PRESS,

Starting from the period prior to 1890, the author looks at the impact of various past administrations and divisions both social and religious on the causes of war in the region. Notes, bib, maps, 153pp, IRAQ.

1992 Paperback

An account of the conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia from the Invasion of Ethiopia in 1998 to the cease fire of June 2000. The author analyses the political factors on both sides of the conflict and the deeply rooted reasons for military action. Notes, xi, 290pp, ETHIOPIA. SHAMA BOOKS, 1931253064

Now in paperback. Citically acclaimed journalist and writer Michela Wrong describes the recent history of Eritrea as contested territory among western nations _ Italy, Britain, the USA and Russia all used the country. Part_travelogue, part biography of a country, this is a riveting account of colonialism and its effects on present_day Eritrea. New edition includes an interview with the author and a list of her top ten favourite African books. Index, notes, glossary, chronology, b/w photographs, maps, xiii, 432pp, UK. HARPER PERENNIAL. 0007150954

Written by the chairman of the Constitutional Commission of Eritrea, this volume analyses the process of drafting and implementing Eritrea's first constitution as a sovereign people. Index, xxvi, 325pp, USA. RED SEA PRESS, 1569021619

Now in paperback. Hannah Pool was adopted from an orphanage in Eritrea in 1974 and came to England, via Sudan and Norway, with her white adoptive father six years later. Then a brother she never suspected she had wrote to her from Eritrea. Hannah hid the letter away and only ten years after receiving it, she decided to track down her surviving Eritrean family. Her journey takes her far beyond her comfort zone and face to face with the harsh realities of a life that could so easily have been her own. Map, genealogy, 256pp UK. PENGUIN BOOKS.

Looks at the most dynamic new social movements in four countries and examines how they are challenging and enriching the strategic vision of leading political par-ties, even as they redefine the nature of power and the struggle to achieve it. Notes, bib, index, xxvi, 459pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS. 1569021457

The first volume in a two volume anthology collecting Dan Connell's writings. Since 1976 he has reported from Eritrea describing the radical social transformations underway in guerrilla held areas, the near defeat of Ethiopia's American backed army, the intervention of the Soviet Union, the liberation movement's strategic retreat and the onset of famine. This collection of journalism recounts the experience of Eritrea's protracted independence war and its post liberation transition. Introduction by Basil Davidson. lviii, 550pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS, 1569021899

In the 1990s, after 30 years of war with neighbouring Ethiopia, Eritrea won its independence and embarked on the monumental task of reconstruction. At the heart of this effort was the quest of hundreds of thousands of returning refugees and demobilised soldiers who hoped to make new lives for themselves and their families. This book examines, through first-hand accounts, the obstacles these returnees, mainly women, faced. He also looks at the role of the new government and aid organisations in the process, and explores how gender issues had an impact. Index, bib, apps, charts, 247pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS.