Mazrui examines the importance of Africa, historically, culturally and economically in the development of the West, particularly the United States. He contrasts this importance with the combination of neglect and malice directed at Africa and those of African descent by the West. BNS, USA. GREENWOOD PUBLISHING GROUP.

Revised and expanded edition, including three new essays by Joseph Holloway. The first uses a transnational framework to argue that African cultural survivals have changed over time and readapted to diasporic conditions while experiencing slavery, forced labour, and racial discrimination. The second essay is ‘Africanisms in African American Names in the United States’. The third reconstructs Gullah history, citing numerous Africanisms not previously identified by others. In cludes ‘The African Heritage of White America’ by John Phillips, revised to take note of many more instances of African cultural survivals in white America and to present a new synthesis of approaches. Index, 436pp, USA. INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS.

23 essays about African American experience in America discussing a wide variety of historical, cultural and ideological subjects. Topics include the Evolution of Consciousness; Black Feminism; Religion in Black Life; Autonomy, Subjectivity, Sexuality and Education. notes, refs, 488pp, UK. ROUTLEDGE, 0415945542

2004 Paperback

An examination of New York city's history over three centuries showing that enslaved Africans provided the institutional foundation upon which African American religious, political and social culture could flourish. The author also argues that Africans entered the Americas equipped with intellectual traditions and sociological models that facilitated a communitarian response to oppression. BNS, 288pp, USA. NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS.

Argues that the American academy is one of the primary sites for the production and re production of ideas that serve the interests of colonizing powers. Operating at the macro level in terms of the state and at the micro level in various applications, these interests include the organization of the disciplines, the marginalization of interdisciplinary studies, the re assertion of masculinities, and the operations of class. 338pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS.

Uses the concept of Ethiopianism- the biblically inspired belief that black Americans would lead Africans and people of the diaspora to a bright future- to offer an analysis of the African-American literary response to Africa. BNS, 12 b/w photos, 216pp, USA. UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY, 0813121639

A collection of essays debating the extent that African culture and values were transplanted and preserved in America, the significance of African contributions to American civilisation and the role that Africa played in the black American struggle for freedom and equal justice. Chapters include Africanisms in African American Music, African Background of Medical Science and Towards Educational Justice: Africanisms in American Education. Refs, xi, 409pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS, 1592210783

Looking at a wide variety of subjects from holistic medicine to cooking and architectural styles to habits of work, the author shows how a coherent African cosmology has shaped and shared US culture from the earliest times. Using folktales, religious rituals, music and written accounts, Piersen illustrates how fully the cultures of African America and EurAmerica have blended and shaped each other. Index, notes, xv, 264pp, USA. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETS PRESS, 0870238590

The Twin Cities region of Minnesota has the United States most diverse black population. This ethnography seeks to understand and evaluate the process of identity formation in the context of globalisation. The author focuses on the Cultural Wellness Centre in Minneapolis which combines different ethnic approaches to bodily health and community to examine how the body can replace geography as a key locus for identity, especially in black communities of diverse origins. Index, bib, notes, b/w illus, xv, 240pp, USA. UNIV. PRESS OF PENNSYLVANIA, 0812218760

2004 Paperback

An encyclopaedia whose entries covers the history, politics, culture and the important places and people which make up the cultural heritage of Black Americans. Illustrated with b/w photographs. Index, xi, 353pp, bib, USA. FACTS ON FILE, 0816041261

Two volume edition which charts the history of African Americans. Volume one looks at the Atlantic slave trade and the experience of slavery to the Civil War and emancipation. The second volume addresses the failings of emancipation legislation and the long and continuing struggle for lasting civil rights. Both volumes include timelines, biographies of significant individuals and b/w illustrations and photos. Index, notes, maps, volume one: 203pp, volume two: 241pp, USA. RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS.

Two volume edition which charts the history of African Americans. Volume one looks at the Atlantic slave trade and the experience of slavery to the Civil War and emancipation. The second volume addresses the failings of emancipation legislation and the long and continuing struggle for lasting civil rights. Both volumes include timelines, biographies of significant individuals and b/w illustrations and photos.

241pp, USA. RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS.

2002 0813531810 Paperback

Drawing on theories of black American cultural criticism, African nationalism and gender analysis, the author analyses a range of novels from three continents, which in different ways thematise the personal, cultural and social aspects of cross cultural relationships. BNS, 395pp, MALAWI. KACHERE SERIES.

Thirteen poems presenting the author's interpretations of the meeting points of three continents: Europe, America, and Africa. Cantalupo also looks at the ancestral and intellectual links between these continents and their common origins in Africa. 92pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS.

Jacob Massaquoi arrived on Park Hill Avenue in New York City, where almost everyone is Liberian, in 2002 limping heavily. Before he had been there a week, a hundred stories abounded about his injury. By this time Rufus Arkoi was the acknowledged leader of New Yorks Liberians, a man who had sat out the war in America, but who harboured hopes of one day returning home to run for president. Within a year the two men were locked in a conflict that threatened to consume the community. The suspicions and accusations the residents had bottled up for years exploded at once. To observers it appeared that this enclave of exiles was frozen at the time of their flight, restarting a war that had ended back home. Jonny Steinberg spent two years in New York shadowing Rufus and Jacob, eventually journeying to Liberia to piece together their biographies from the people who once knew them. What emerges is a story of a horrific and heart-wrenching civil war, of a deeply troubled relationship between America and West Africa, of personal ambition wrestling with moral responsibility, of memory wrestling with forgetfulness and of the quest to be human in a world losing its humanity. 304pp, UK. JONATHAN CAPE.

An epic poem which narrates the anguished experiences of thousands of African people who survived the middle passage journey of the slave trade. Illustrated with b/w drawings. 110pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS, 0865439826

Since 1990 more Africans have voluntarily relocated to the United States and Canada than had been forcibly brought here before the slave trade ended in 1807. The key reason for these migrations has been the collapse of social, political, economic, and educational structures in their home countries, which has driven Africans to seek security and self-realization in the West. This collection traces the immi-grants' progress from expatriation to arrival and covers the successes as well as problems they have encountered as they establish their lives in a new country. The contributors, most immigrants themselves, use their firsthand experiences to add clarity, honesty, and sensitivity to their discussions of the new African diaspora. 544pp, USA. INDIANA U P.

A study of Nigerian Americans, the largest African immigrant group in the United States. The author offers an analysis of the values and lifestyles that have been adapted in America and their contribution to American society and economy. BNS, 200pp, USA. GREENWOOD PRESS, 0313319642

A panoramic view of U.S. activism on Africa from 1950 to 2000, activism grounded in a common struggle for justice. It portrays organizations, individual activists, and transnational networks that contributed to African liberation from colonialism and from apartheid in South Africa. In turn, it shows how African struggles informed U.S. activism including the civil rights and black power movements. Intended for activists, analysts, students, researchers, teachers, and anyone concerned with world issues, the authors draw on interviews, research and personal experience to portray the history and stimulate reflection on international solidarity today. The book includes an overview of the half century, short vignettes that feature key actors or events, photo docu-mentation, and five essays: 'The 1950s: Africa Rising' by Lisa Brock, professor of history at Columbia College, Chicago and author of Between Race and Empire; 'The 1960s: Making Connections' by Marianna (Mimi) Edmunds, teacher and film producer whose work includes ten years with 60 Minutes; 'The 1970s: Expanding Networks' by Joseph F. Jordan, director of the Sonja Haynes Stone Center for Black Culture and History at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill); 'The 1980s: The Anti-Apartheid Convergence' by David Goodman, author of FAULT LINES: Journeys into the New South Africa and co-author of the bestseller STATIC; 'The 1990s: Seeking New Directions' by Walter Turner, San Francisco Bay area activist, teacher and radio journalist with KPFA/Pacifica Radio. Index, bib, b/w photos, 248pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS.

A travelogue exploring race and identity in the southern United States and the UK. Bib, vii, 280pp, UK. PICADOR, 0330369814

Archive interviews, music and narration tell the story of the American prison riots of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Includes the voices of George Jackson, Jonathan Jackson Jr, Angela Davis, David Hilliard and Harry Belafonte. 23 tracks, USA, 1902593529

By examining black American's attitudes toward and responses to African independence struggles, the author probes the shifting meaning of Africa in the intellectual, political, and social lives of African Americans. Notes, bib, index, xi, 336pp, USA. UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS, 0807849979

An examination of the literature of W.E.B. DuBois, Alex Haley, Zora Neale Hurston, William Faulkner, Ralph Ellison and Toni Morrison placing their work in the context of the history, folklore, linguistic and politics from which they emerged. The author traces in particular the African elements in these contexts, examining the lasting impact of African cultures in American identity and literature. Index, notes, 270pp, USA. UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY, 0813190894

Bringing together diverse elements of Stokely Carmichael's (Kwame Ture) personal, public and intellectual life, Mike Thelwell recounts the life of the civil rights leader as he told it to him. Detailing his work as chairman of the SNCC, patriarch of black power, pan African activist, and social revolutionary, this autobiography/oral history is populated by international luminaries such as Martin Luther King, Kwame Nkrumah, Ho Chi Minh and Fidel Castro among many others. Illustrated with b/w photographs. Index, x, 835pp, USA. SCRIBNER.

Survey of all the major organisations and personalities involved in the African-American repatriation movement during the Nineteenth Century. Beginning with Paul Cuffe's journey to Sierra Leone in 1815 and ending with Bishop Henry McNeal Turner and the A.M.E. Church's efforts to promote repatriation as reparation for slavery, Robert Johnson chronicles the lives of key nationalist thinkers and activists during the proliferating period of repatriation in the American 1800s. Conflicting views on repatriation are critically assessed through the writings and career choices of free Africans who elected to repatriate to sections of Africa other than Liberia or Sierra Leone, or who elected to settle in Canada or the Western states. Index, bib, 290pp, USA. AFRICA WORLD PRESS.

A presentation of African American thought on the idea of whiteness as a category requiring serious analysis. The authors break new ground in approaching the issue through the lens of philosophical training and Africa American experience. Essays include Racial Exploitation and the Wages of Whiteness, The Impairment of Empathy in Goodwill Whites for African Americans, and Enlightenment Racism and the Structure of Racialised Consciousness. Also includes an essay on Toni Morrison's Bluest Eye. Index, notes, xvi, 279pp, UK. ROUTLEDGE, 0415966167